Conscious Obedience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Conscious Obedience - Essay Example In a very general sense, everyone obeys out of their own self-interest. However, this places the fear of punishment on an equal plane with the promise of a reward and does not shed much light on the underlying reasons. The question that needs to be answered is; what self-interest are we fulfilling when we obey Kelman and Hamilton argue that obedience comes from one of three rationalizations. Compliance for self-interest, acknowledgment of authority, or ethical concerns (Tyler 1090). A person may comply with the request to work overtime at no pay in hopes of getting a promotion. In their identification of authority model, a person may act against their better judgment if the boss orders them to take an illegal action. People also have the capacity to exercise free will and act according to their own value system. Psychological theorists can help explain obedience by examining the motivation behind the reward we receive for compliance. Maslow would describe the humanist viewpoint as obeying to gain respect and recognition from authority. Skinner would see obedience as a natural conditioned reaction to doing what we are told. Bronfenbrenner describes a myriad of authorities that we obey on an individual or group level. The echological argument holds that patriotism is obedience to nationalism. Obedience can take many forms and the authority may be abstract. Young children may obey their parents because they understand it is the right thing to do and is an ethical decision. It may be self-interest, as they will obey them to avoid their parent's punishment, or to gain a reward. However, a child's inner logic may not be apparent through their actions alone. Children who have been abused, neglected, or feel abandoned may withdraw and suffer from defeatism (Singer, Dornenbal, and Okma, 601). They will display obedience though it may not be for the self-interest that it appears. In a study of children by Singer, Dornenbal, and Okma, the researchers found significantly more foster children offered little or no resistance to parental authority than their birthchildren counterparts (596). Birthchildren had a much higher incidence of offering fierce resistance in a disciplinary conflict than foster children (596). In the case of the foster children, the researchers noted that, "Their main goal is unilateral-self-saving [...] Their main interests are fear of punishment and a feeling of powerlessness" (601). The birthchildren that were offering intense rebellion were said to have, " [...] unilateral coercive goals to get their own way" (594). The birthchildren were acting in self-interest to exploit the parental authority's lack of resolve, while the foster children were obeying for self-preservation. As children grow into adulthood, they will for the most part become more aware of the need for obedience. The cost of punishment by law enforcement will generally get most people to abide by acceptable customs. The need for a steady paycheck will insure that they will put their feelings aside when taken advantage of in the workplace. They may rationalize to themselves, and others, that they are being obedient in order to live up to a moral or ethical standard. Adults may allow

Essay on Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

Essay on Hamlet by William Shakespeare Essay In many works by Shakespeare, single parents struggle with the difficulties their children have, such as Desdemona and her father in Othello, or Hermia and her father in A Midsummer Nights Dream. Issues between parent and child are evident in Hamlet, but the single parent is a mother, not a father. The poem Meditation at Elsinore by Elizabeth Coatsworth embodies the situation between characters, and has hidden morals within the prose. There are many morals and life lessons in Hamlet, one of which is the effects of poor parenting. In Hamlet, emotional suppression and lack of parenting lead to the downfall of Gertrude, and her son Hamlet. Proper parenting can be defined as caring for children and providing them with shelter, emotional security, food, education, and safety so that they can become successful adults. Gertrude may have had involvement in her husbands murder, and this as such, would qualify her as a poor parent. Her failure to respect Hamlets emotions, provide emotional security for her son, and engender mutual trust confirms her as an unfit parent. This behaviour by Gertrude caused Hamlet to be suspicious, and it was his suspicion that brought about his and his mothers death. When King Hamlet died, Gertrude quickly remarries Hamlets uncle, Claudius, and the timing of this union is detrimental to the relationship with her son, eliminating all respect Hamlet had for his mother. Gertrude realizes that her swift remarriage has greatly affected her son, and doubt[s] [that] it is no other but the main: / His fathers death and our o erhasty marriage (Hamlet, 2.2.57). She realizes the cause for Hamlets new found insanity, but does not react to the situation as a responsible parent would. Hamlet, being witty and quick, refers to his new parents as his uncle-father and aunt-mother (2.2.362) when talking to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. This demonstrates that Hamlet has lost respect for both his mother and his uncle. Hamlet tells Horatio that the funeral baked meats / Did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables (1.2.180) when asked about the funeral. In a respectful relationship, a mother would have confided in her son before making the choice to remarry. Hamlet grieves for his lost father, but Gertrude seems more interested in spying on him. This causes Hamlet to become suspicious. When Gertrudes husband died, she did not mourn his death and she did not  provide emotional security for her son, in the way mothers are supposed to console their children and support them through the tough times by helping them grieve. Gertrude is annoyed by Hamlets depression, and tells him to stop seek[ing] for [his] noble father in the dust (1.2.70). Instead of comforting Hamlet, she tells him that all that lives must die, passing through nature to eternity (1.2.72). She is telling Hamlet to stop weeping over the past, and to move on, when Hamlet misses his father and wants him to return so badly that Hamlet contemplates suicide so that he can be with his father in the next life. Hamlet obviously notices his mothers lack of grieving, and states to himself that a beast that wants discourse of reason would have mourned longer! (1.2.150). Hamlet notices that an animal would mourn longer over a dead loved one than his mother did with King Hamlet. This demonstrates that he recognizes the lack of communication between them, and that communication between child and parent is an important part of a healthy relationship. Hamlet is left with no one else, and one by one his loves [betray] his love (Coatsworth, 7). Helping a child grieve and showing empathy for his feelings is the role of a parent. Gertrude failed in this role as Hamlets mother and further exposes herself to his scrutiny. Gertrude sends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to spy on her son, demonstrating that she does not trust Hamlet. Trust is absolutely key to a healthy relationship between mother and son, and can be attributed to proper parenting. Without trust, there is no true love, there is no relationship, and as a result, there is no happiness. Gertrude tells Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to instantly visit my too much changed son (Hamlet, 2.2.35). She wants to know what Hamlet is doing, whether to cure her curiosity or to simply know what he is plotting. Even if this act was committed out of love, the proper parenting approach would be to ask her son instead of spying on, and to talk with him in a mature, sympathetic and respectful manner. When she does talk to him, she agrees with his antics and asks him what shall she do (3.4.184), but when he is gone, she says that he is as mad as the sea and wind when both contend which is the mightier (4.1.7). Hamlet realizes that his own mother does not trust him-nor does he trust her- and that his boon companions came as spies (Coatsworth, 12), not friends. This leaves him feeling abandoned and alone as the relationship with his mother, the only  parent he has left, has been damaged. Although Hamlets death is not directly caused by Gertrudes early remarriage, failure to help her son mourn, lack of trust and mutual respect, and the suspicion aroused by these acts lead to his demise. If Gertrude had paid more attention to Hamlet, and not to her own personal affairs, Hamlet may not have been suspicious. Things may not have been so rotten in the state of Denmark (Hamlet, 1.4.94). Gertrudes failure to parent Hamlet and convince him that everything is well leads to a downward spiral which results in the death of many. Gertrude dies a painful death, and only wishes that she would have had an opportunity to say good night [to her] sweet prince (Coatsworth, 20). Children will always push the limits with their parents, seeing what will make them give in, or what will make them explode with anger. Every child has does it, and every parent deals with it. It is part of life, but in the end, proper parenting will prevail, and the children will grow up knowing that they may have their own children. This is evident in Hamlet, by Shakespeare, and Meditation at Elsinore by Elizabeth Coatsworth. Hamlet will never have children, because of Gertrudes failure to properly parent, which eventually leads to the demise of both mother and son. This failure could be prevented, but many factors end up swaying the final decision, and Gertrude is the reason for the demise of both Hamlet and Gertrude. Women are twice as likely as men to suffer from depression. This is because of the high levels of hormones during periods such as birthing a child and menopause. The latter of the two is the reason for Gertrudes depression, and specifically leads to a failure in parenting. That is why Gertrude hurried with most wicked speed, to post with such dexterity to incestuous sheets (Hamlet, 1.2.157). This horrendous act committed by Gertrude can be classified as a failure in parenting. Gertrude forces her son to live with the reality that his uncle has become his father, which, on her part is a thoughtless and impetuous act. With the loss of her husband, it would be proper for Gertrude to fully mourn her deceased husband. Before remarrying, a mother should join with her son in the grieving process, to show that the  father in the family would be missed. The ten stages of grieving ensure that a person can accept and affirm reality, a stage that Gertrude achieves far too quickly. She skips a few steps on the way, and knows that Hamlets rash actions can be blamed on no other but the main: his fathers death and our oerhasty marriage (2.2.56). While some steps are missed, some are taken too far. Depression and loneliness is a stage Gertrude botches, as it is a stage where family members find communication difficult. Instead of moving on to the next stage, Gertrude lingers around loneliness and depression, which eventually brings her to marry Claudius. Gertrude does not erupt with emotions, or is never overcome with anger at anyone for the misfortune brought on old Hamlet. Ultimately, Gertrude reached the final step of the ten stages, but disregarded many rules on the way, resulting in poor communication between mother and son. Communication is essential to proper parenting, and this is where Gertrude failed. A lack of communication between mother and son can distance a relationship. To state that Gertrude has communication issues would be to grossly underestimate-she does not communicate at all. The love between mother and son had been established, but one by one [Hamlets] loves betrayed his love(Coatsworth 8). Instead of instantly jumping into marriage with a dead husbands brother, a parent must talk to their child about what their feelings are. Gertrude should have told Hamlet that she had a desire to find another man, so that Hamlet would have been prepared for what was coming. Gertrude sent Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to extract information from Hamlet, instead of talking to her son in person. In Gertrudes final seconds of her life she calls for her dear Hamlet (Hamlet, 5.2.314), the only person she really loves. Gertrude chooses to address her only son in her dying seconds, when the conversation should have taken place long before. All of the miscommunication leads to the demise of both Gertrude and Hamlet. On his deathbed, Hamlet knows that life will probably be better after death, as his biological father will not deceive him in heaven. Hamlets mother has left him with nothing, and even though Hamlet did not plan on dying, he wished that the Everlasting had not fixed his cannon gainst self-slaughter!(1.2.131-132)Depression, loneliness, improper grieving, and miscommunication lead to the failure of parenting. Hamlet was not crazy; he  was simply confused and misunderstood. Gertrudes selfish choices hurt Hamlet, and showed Hamlet that his mother no longer cared about the welfare of her son. If Gertrude had used proper parenting skills, things may not have been so rotten in the state of Denmark(1.4.94). Denmark would not have to say good night [to their] sweet prince (Coatsworth 20). Works Cited Coatsworth, Elizabeth. Meditation at Elsinore. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. John Crowther. New York: Spark Group, 2003.

East Timor Crisis :: essays research papers

East Timor was ruled by Portugal for about 17 centuries. During World War I, hundreds of East Timorese lost their lives helping Australia forces fight against the Japanese. East Timor was then invaded by Indonesia shortly after Portugal suddenly left in 1975, this was the day after U.S. President Ford’s visit to Indonesia, with what people have suspected as being a green light to invade. At that time, Indonesia had military, economic and political support from countries such as UK, USA and Australia, for various reasons including the oil and gas reserves, a strategic location, various trade and cheap labour related interests. 100,000,000,000 people are said to have been killed since 1975, on third of the entire East Timorese population. Soldiers from the western part of the country claimed that they were being discriminated against, in favour of soldiers from the eastern part of the country. There has also been tension between the military and the police force, comprised of more westerners and even former members of the Indonesian military. 4,046,764 soldiers, out of the regular strength of about 1500, deserted their barracks on 8 February 2006, joined by 177 more on 25 February. The soldiers were ordered to return in March, but refused, and were fired. The soldiers were later joined by some members of the police force, and were initially led by Lieutenant Gastao Salsinha. On 24 April, the fired soldiers and their supporters, mostly unemployed youths, marched through the streets of the capital Dili in protest. The initially peaceful march turned violent when the soldiers attacked a market run by people from the east of the country. The protests continued over the next several days, until on 28 April the former soldiers clashed with military forces, who fired on the crowd. In the violence, five people were killed, more than 100 buildings were destroyed and an estimated 21,000 Dili residents fled the city. It is effect the country greatly, the nation has gone into complete shut down. The crisis has had an impact on the political landscape of East Timor. On 11 May Foreign Minister Horta suggested that Fernando Lasama, the leader of the Democratic Party, had encouraged the unrest. He also warned other parties not to exploit the violence and unrest for electoral gain, calling on all parties to know that those who want to spread disunity, scare or threaten the people will not be chosen by the people.

Lesson Vocabulary

They related one Of the disease Symptoms such as memory loss to her forgetting to take out the trash. Menopause- the time of natural cessation of menstruation. On the popular television show 19 kids and counting, the mother had went to her doctors office questioning whether or not she was able to have more children. The doctor had went trough numerous questions, one of which included whether she has gone through menopause as this would indicate that her body is not able to carry any more children.Cross-sectional study-a study in which people Of different ages are compared with one another. As was listening to the radio one day, there was an advertisement looking for people aged 10-65, in order for them to compare how the brain reacts to different stimuli as the brain ages. This is an example of a cross-sectional study as there is a group of people within a large range of ages in order for them to be compared to one another. Institutional study- research on which the same people are r estudied and retested over a long period of time.A study in which children who are given medication to treat a disease, and are tested then and every five years in order to see the development with the ewe drug(whether it is working,etc) is an example of a longitudinal study as the same people are being tested for the medication and are having to be retested in order to reassure the medication is working. Adolescence- the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extended from puberty to independence.When conversing with a coworker who is above the age of twenty five and is living on their own, settled down with a family, and has a stable job, you are more than likely to consider this individual to have gone through adolescence as they are now quite independent and have had many years after starting puberty. Primary sex characteristics- the body structures that make sexual reproduction possible. If a female were to lack ovaries, she would be lacking a primary sex characteristic , as without ovaries, natural reproduction is impossible.Secondary sex characteristics- non-reproductive sexual traits, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair. While working down the street, you notice a striking young man, with a trimmed beard, well dressed, and a low voice. You are attracted to his secondary sex characteristics as you like his beard, which is a secondary sex characteristic, as well as his deep voice. Social clock- the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.During the renaissance, if you were not married by the age of 15, you were considered to be a witch, as only one of the dark side would have this flaw. This can be seen as an extreme formation of a social clock as they believe one must be married by a certain age. Menarche, the first menstrual period. When a child enters the third grade many times they are asked if they would like to take a sex deed class. In this class they will disc uss numerous topics, one which may include menarche as many females will be unaware of this at this GE in order to educate the young females that it is just a sign of their bodies functionally properly.Fluid intelligence- our ability to reason speedily and abstractly. Having fluid intelligence is quite necessary as a teenager because decisions are made quickly and you must be able to sort the complications as well as the advantages Of doing an activity. Crystallized intelligence- our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills. If one were to speak of a book they read last year and discuss what occurred in the book, they are using crystallized intelligence as they are pulling information from a later date.

Marriage vs Living Together Essay

Marriage vs Living Together Marriage is the legal union of a man and woman as husband and wife. It is also defined as the union between two people that are recognized by cultural or religious tradition. Older generations would feel that living together was disgraceful. The only way that living together was seen as acceptable was to be married. There are several differences between being married and living together such as the status in the government, status in the religious community, and status in each others eyes and each others families eyes. Television writers and producers are slowly making pop culture more diverse, but that does not mean every non-white character on television represents a step forward. Some programs seem not to do anything but pump racial stereotypes into the public eye. From geeky and pathetic Asian characters to a biracial genie who is literally an object in a white lady’s house. Another example would be from the show called , â€Å"Rob Schneider†, This new comedy is about Rob Schneider’s character attempting to connect with his wife’s large Mexican family, most of whom do not like him. It seems as though he’s supposed to be a sort of Archie Bunker character who makes awful stereotypical jokes and then is promptly dismissed by, you know, reality, but in this world the stereotypes seem to be true – the members of Maggie’s family are almost entirely defined by their Mexican-ness, right down to the mute, diminutive grandmother with a shrine to Jesus in her bedroom. We’re all for more Latino characters in primetime, but this is a pretty horrifying way to do It. (Victoria Mcnally, mar. , 2012) Children movies, television shows, and commercials are not immune to the typical racial stereotyping. In our increasingly ever-changing society, children are deeply drawn into television viewing and their consumption of television programming varies by ethnicity. Ethnic portrayal in children’s advertising is an important public policy and self-regulatory topic that may influence children’s self-perception and brand perception. Another show that promotes stereotypical behavior in television programing would be the Glee Club, that s essentially a show about the performing arts and the arts have always had an association (earned or perceived) as being gay friendly. If a guy tells someone that they are a dancer, they will assume he is gay. Glee stereotypically has gay characters. In conclusion, even commercials such as tide have shown racial stereotypical antidotes in them for example have you seen the latest Tide commercial where a â€Å"sassy black woman† is sitting on a bench getting very annoyed with being told she cannot wear white jeans after Labor Day. She actually gets up, starts with the neck swivel and the hand, and says she will do whatever she wants because Tide will keep her jeans white, â€Å"Not white-ish, not eggshell, and not ecru, whatever that is. † But pure white. Just another way of showing that no matter what genre of television programming, stereotyping is a part of it. Mostly due to television trying to appeal to different types of audiences to include ethnicity, sex and age.

Rainbows End + the Lost Thing Essay (Belonging) Essays

Rainbows End + the Lost Thing Essay (Belonging) Essays Rainbows End + the Lost Thing Essay (Belonging) Essay Rainbows End + the Lost Thing Essay (Belonging) Essay Describe how the concept of Belonging is shown in your prescribed text and at least one other related text. Belonging is the complex process whereby perceptions of self and social allegiances are forged or not forget. It is a concept and not a theme, meaning it is a general idea, which encompasses the idea of not belonging. According to Abraham Maslow, belonging is essential in human development and not belonging is a barrier in achieving self-actualisation. The concept of Belonging is not static as it may change overtime for a number of different reasons such as an individual’s socio-economic background, geographic location and many other barriers. Although individuals may not belong to self, people, places, communities or the larger world everyone must belong. It is inevitable. For example, a criminal who has been imprisoned and isolated from the rest of society still belongs to himself, the prison and the other prisoners. No man is an island, entire of itself† is a famous quote by John Donne, which represents this idea of belonging, where no body can be totally isolated. From his studies, Maslow developed a hierarchy of needs whereby the physiological needs of food, shelter and water were the fundamentals of human life and self-actualisation was considered to be the pinnacle of the hierarchy. Between these two stages was the need for belonging to self, people, places, communities and the larger world. The barriers to self-actualisation are shown through a variety of texts, whereby composers highlight differences between two subjects and demonstrate forms of segregation through the use of a variety of methods. In Rainbow’s End by Jane Harrison this idea is portrayed through the use of an extended metaphor of the colour white. The reoccurrence of the colour white represents the Aboriginal society conforming to the English settlers. For example, in Act 1 Scene 6 the inspector comments that Nan Dear’s â€Å"whites are so white†. This shows us that the white society expects the Indigenous people to ‘wash away’ their traditions and way of life and so to conform to them. This same technique is shown where Nan Dear finds an advertisement in the newspaper in Act 2 Scene 6 and says â€Å"they’ve got this new powder that guaranteed to turn your skin white. † to Dolly. Due to the differences in skin colour and tradition Aboriginals were seen as lower class citizens and were alienated from the white society. Harrison shows this through the use of a simile in Act 1 Scene 1B where Gladys describes the hessian used to hide the Aboriginal housing from the Queen as â€Å"a band-aid over a sore†, which creates a negative image of the Indigenous people and their housing. This idea of being different from others around you is also excellently shown in Shaun Tan’s picture book The Lost Thing where the majority of the book’s images are made up of dull, unattractive colours such as browns, greys and whites that create a plain and ordinary background. The colour of ‘the thing’ is a bright red that immediately catches the reader’s eyes, drawing their attention to it. This use of contrast of colour shows that ‘the thing’ is lost, as it obviously does not belong to its surroundings. The exceptional use of these techniques to develop an idea of segregation as a barrier to self-actualisation causes the responder to explore the character’s feelings of isolation and rejection. Although people may feel isolated and alienated from everything around them, they are never alone. It is not possible to be completely disconnected from everything. For example, a man who has lost all his family and friends and is the only person alive on an island can still relate to the island itself, any living things such as animals and plants and many other things that he shares similarities with. This theme is explored in Rainbows End through Harrison’s use of a number of effective techniques. In Act 1 Scene 2B Dolly whistles loudly to her cousins and yells â€Å"Oi! You little monkeys, get that ruddy bicycle back ‘ere or I’ll give youse a kick up the moom! † before turning to Errol and sarcastically saying â€Å"And you were worried about losing your map! †. This change of accent and use of word choice between when Dolly is talking to her cousins and when she is talking to Errol shows that Dolly is trying to link with Errol even though they are from different cultures and have different coloured skin. This use of diction emphasises Dolly’s attempt to conform to Errol based on the fact that they are both humans rather than distinguishing between minute factors such as cultural background. This same message is also portrayed through the use of stage directions and dramatic irony in Act 2 Scene 1 where Errol returns to apologise to Dolly about what happened the previous night. As Errol walked in Dolly’s direction, Gladys and Nan Dear (assuming Errol was the one that raped her), step towards Dolly showing the families sense of unity with one another. However, the audience knows from the previous scene that Errol was not guilty of raping Dolly, rather it was her cousin. So despite the emotional carnage that Dolly experienced such as feelings of neglect when she was left in the rain after she was taken advantage of by her cousin, Dolly still is a firm member of the family. This very significant message used by composers is also created in Tan’s award winning picture book The Lost Thing where Tan uses intertextuality of a painting called Collins Street, 5pm by John Brack. In Tan’s version of the painting he includes ‘the thing’ in the background of the image to show how despite it clearly not fitting-in with the people crowding the street it still has a purpose and meaning in the picture and therefore it is an important sector of the final image. The idea that â€Å"no man is an island, entire of itself† demonstrated by composers causes the responder to recognise the larger picture in which they can associate themselves with. Through the vast majority of techniques mentioned, it can be seen that many composers incorporate the concept of Belonging in their texts to help intrigue their target audience. The idea of belonging being a need and alienation being a barrier to self-actualisation incorporated with the fact that we are each like a piece of a giant jigsaw puzzle, whereby our connections are what make us belong, therefore meaning that belonging is inevitable.

Sexuality in Modern Times Essays

Sexuality in Modern Times Essays Sexuality in Modern Times Essay Sexuality in Modern Times Essay Sexuality in Modern Times BY Ivorys We as humans are sexual beings from the time we are born until the day we die. Sex is seen as intimately involved in Gods design for the universe, and as something profoundly important that involves a persons mind and spirit as well as body. On one hand it is perfectly natural for one to engage in sexual activities with a person of the opposite sex and on the other hand it is wrong to use in a naughty and unsafe way. From the Colonial times until the 19th century sex in America was defined as reproductive. In the beginning of the 19th century on until the 20th century sex became significant to many as a means of communication and intimacy. Sex in todays society is being used in the wrong way to express ones sexual desires. Unsafe sex is the number cause of Studs, Aids, and pregnancies which can potentially lead to abortions and cancer. As we develop into sexually expressive individuals we manifest into our sexual beings. When individuals use sex other than reproduction it is viewed as being naughty or unhealthy. Sex is a perfectly natural thing and should not be seen as wrong or shameful. I believe that back in the early days sex was being misused significantly as not for a means of conception but for torture and slavery. On the other hand I do think that sex when used for conception and intimate purposes is very natural, but when it is used for other purposes other than those reasons it can be seen as naughty and potentially dangerous.

Learn Business English - The Definitive Guide

Learn Business English - The Definitive Guide Learning Business English, like any language, is a process that involves dedication and many different strategies. You need to approach learning Business English in a long-term, holistic, dynamic, and authentic way. Strengthen Your Grammar You must have strong English grammar for business writing. People simply won’t take you seriously if your writing is full of grammatical and punctuation mistakes. Strengthening grammar can seem frustrating and never-ending, but there are several small, daily actions you can take: Use Grammarly - Grammarly is a free app you can use through Google Chrome. It checks any and everything you write online, and you are able to upload documents to the site as well. There is a paid version as well, but for non-native writers I find the free version to be better because it focuses on basic and common grammar issues (the paid version identifies more sophisticated issues that aren’t applicable to all types of writing). Grammarly will help you identify and correct your mistakes. Once you know what your mistakes are, you can study up on those areas here: (grammar only) and punctuation) This blog post and video explain a technique that can help you improve your use of prepositions. Use this same technique for all sorts of grammar. Read our blog! There are lots of posts about different grammar topics, such as Pronoun Antecedent Errors here. Browse through or search by topic. Subscribe to the blog by entering your email in the field on the right-hand side of the screen. Read, Read, and Read Some More Reading is the best way to improve your Business English vocabulary and Business English writing skills. Reading anything and everything is good, but to really build effective business communication in English, you need to read business texts. Here are some good options: The Harvard Business Review. Sign up for a free account and access up to 15 articles per month (without an account, you can only access five articles per month). There are hundreds of articles written at a high level of Business English on all sorts of Business related topics. The Wall Street Journal. There is lots of good content here, though you may need a subscription or at least an account. The Economist. Again, there is good content, but you can only access a certain number of articles each month without an account. Forbes.You'll find lots of shorter articles that are easy to read, as well as longer, more in-depth stories. Paul Krugman’s blog in the New York Times This is a blog, so you willnotice some differences between this and a standard newspaper article (Use of â€Å"I," a more casual and conversational tone, etc.) You can read up to ten free articles per month at nytimes.com. After that, you need a subscription. Paul Krugman is an excellent author, and as an economist, he addresses finance and other technical topics. Fortune Magazine. This publication is most famous for its â€Å"Fortune 500,† the list of the 500 most powerful companies around the world. Bloomberg Businessweek. Another trove of well-written business news. Entrepreneur. This is geared towards entrepreneurs, as you might expect from the title and has many well written articles that will help your business skills as well as modeling good English writing. Fast Company. This publication focuses on innovative and creative ideas, so it’s useful to non-native readers from companies where time-tested approaches are valued more than innovation. It will stretch your business approach as well as providing a good model of business English. The key is to consistently read business texts from a variety of sources dailyto strengthen your business English vocabulary, reading comprehension, and ultimately writing skills. Aim to set 15 minutes aside each day to read good business English. Enjoy it with your morning coffee or tea! Write More Often Reading alone won’t strengthen your writing. Like any skill, business writing takes practice. So, to improve your business English writing skills, you need to write, and write often! Here are some ideas for how to get started: Take some of the topics that you usually write about in your field and write these in English. Google â€Å"business letter topics†, â€Å"business email topics†, or â€Å"business report topics." You’ll find lots of great ideas to get started writing. Here are some good report topics. Use these topics to practice writing letters, emails, and reports. Once you have written a practice letter/email/report, upload it to Grammarly (Can you tell we like this tool?) for grammar feedback. This will help you identify your most common grammatical errors for different styles of writing. As with reading, you’ll need to write a variety of texts consistentlyto build and maintain your business English writing skills. Practice Listening to Business English Sometimes, you need to give your eyes and fingers a break from all that reading and writing. You can still strengthen your business English skills even when you are not reading and writing! Try listening to a business podcast on your way to work or while exercising. Here are some good options: â€Å"5 Business Podcasts to Start Listening to in 2016† from Entrepreneur â€Å"The 8 Best Podcasts for Business Savvy Listeners† from Fast Company â€Å"9 Great Business Podcasts You Should Know† from Fortune Remember that podcasts are spoken English, and they tend to be conversational. The language used will often be less formal than most business English writing needs to be. But, podcasts are a great way to expand your vocabulary and knowledge base about a variety of business topics. Plus, they are a nice break from other types of practice. Like everything else, you’ll get the most benefit from listening daily! Pro Tip:Listening to conversational business English will help you to learn idioms and phrasal verbs. Take a Business English Course The methods above are great for independent work. However, to truly improve your business English communication skills, especially writing, you need to take a course that provides you individualized feedback. You need a person, not just a computer program, to tell you exactly where you are shining and where you need to focus your energy. You may find that your grammar is strong, but you need to work on tone, directness, or more appropriate vocabulary. A good course will teach you strategies and an effective process, not just quick business writing tips and tricks. You can take a face-to-face course or an online course. Instructional Solutions offers both onsite and online business writing courses for non-native speakers of English and for native speakers. We focus on context-specific writing practice with individualized feedback in key areas, including grammar, punctuation, tone, and organization. Combining independent practice with abusiness writing course that includes instructor support is the best way to improve your overall business communication skills in English.

International Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

International Business Strategy - Essay Example Particularly when companies like the Wal-Mart are involved in this industry, a detailed study provides an idea on the journey of the company where the customer satisfaction meant to play a primary role in the success of any company. The study has tried to consider the initial stages when the concept of discount retailing was not attractive among the customers, thus determining the initial status and strategies of the Wal-Mart Company. Thus an understanding of the company’s position and threats in the industry in the 1950s has been conducted through the study. Also, the learning determines the manner in which the company has been able to gain competitive advantage over its competitors. This involves the business strategies that the company focused on including the level of customer satisfaction. The success of the company also depends on the ability of the company to manage its sustainability and thus the company’s stand in this context is also significant for the partic ular study. Lastly, the company’s entry into the German and the UK market would also reflect on the company’s reasons for success at one location while failure in another. Thus the study has been focused to have a complete overview on the Wal-Mart Company and its strategies from the early times till the present times reflecting on the ability of the company to gain and sustain its success. Case Analysis- Wal-Mart 2. Attractiveness of the discount retailing industry in the USA when Wal-Mart first began operations in the 1950s: 2.1. Introduction: The existence of the discount retailing stores can be traced back to the 1940s and the starting of the 1950s. The purpose of these stores was to serve the families of those children who were born after...Wal-Mart is a leading retail store known to perform in the discount retailing industry providing with a wide range of consumer products (Discount Stores, 2011). 2.2. Discount Retailing Industry in the USA in the 1950s: To understand the attractiveness of the discount retailing industry in the 1950s and early 1960s, the use of Porter’s Five Forces (Jia, 2007, p.1) would be useful. Considering the rivalry factor, studies from the case study as well as other sources reveal that the introduction of the discount retail stores in the 1950s led to severe opposition from other retail companies and stores that were small in size. Issues relating to the closing of small shops, or lesser employment opportunities were considered to be the consequences of the discount retail stores being introduced (Jia, 2007, p.1). Although Wal-Mart started its operations during this period of time, but there were other market players creating competitions for the company, like Target and K-Mart (Guillame, 2011). 2.3. Threats from new entrants: According to this force, a company might have threats from other companies that may wish to enter the market on seeing a company having high returns in a particular location. Thus the level of competition tends to increase (Ahlstrom & Bruton, 2009, p.133).

Learning style theory in post secondary education Research Paper

Learning style theory in post secondary education - Research Paper Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that the ideology of learning styles can be considered somewhat not yet established deduction regarding the observation that there is an exhibition of preference by many, over certain interactions of learning compared to others. Taking such a concept, the ideology of personalized "learning styles" was realized and afterwards popularized by the renowned â€Å"Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Model†. There are many types of the models used in the implementation of learning styles. The occurrence of the auditory learning style involves the art of listening to the spoken word. The other model is the Kinesthetic learning that occurs via acting and interacting. Eventually, the visual learning involves looking at mind-maps, images, body language and demonstrations. The theory of learning models aims at explaining why school grades, classroom performance, and aptitude tests often than not, fail in identifying ones real ability. The Learn ing Style Profiler is a new measurement by Professor Chris Jackson that aimed at implementing a neuropsychological learning model in personality. The approach argues that Sensation Seeking presents a key biological motivation of learning, exploration and curiosity. He notes that a high exploration drive results in consequences of dysfunctional learning. Evidence regarding this argument alleges impression although it is yet to be verified through independent research. (Jackson, 2005). As early as the 70s, a research body on learning conducted a holistic exploration, active perspective of strategies and approaches – in contrast to styles – which accounts for the previous events’ effects, contextual feelings and experiences. This research body based in the UK has been operation for a period of twenty five years, drawing on the contributions of Marton and Saljo and Pask , additionally, from Northern Europe, there is a renowned model of learning, Vermunt’s is used. Vermunt’s model is referred to as the Inventory of Learning Styles (ILS). The model is influential especially in the institution of higher education (Vermunt, 1994). The ILS models in its broader view states that, learners are highly influenced by the contextual and strategies; there resultant is a multifaceted perspective of teaching. The ILS emphasis motivates a pedagogy approach that is broad thus encompassing institutional culture, subject discipline , previous experience of students’ and the manner of organizing and assessing the curriculum. Every other theory belonging to this learning family tend to elevate ‘styles’ as they favor ‘approaches’ and ‘strategies’ since past ideologies regarding styles improved the ideology of particular interventions with an intention of to matching existing styles or encouraging a styles’ repertoire (Honey & Mumford, 1992). The Entwistle’s model features a strategy describi ng the manner in which learners decide to address a particular task of learning. By adopting such a strategy, they account for the perceived demands. The approach is thus less fixed compared to a style; a style tends to be a wider characterization of the manner in which students show general preference in tackling tasks of learning (Entwistle, 1998). Some of the general support of ILS is that the application is on learning and thinking of students in the university. It implements new versions used in preparing for learning at work as well as 16–18 age group students. The approach is featured in studying various styles of learning for both the students and teachers themselves. Regarding the design of the model, the approach can be described as an experientially grounded approach that involved interviewing of students.

Personality characteristic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Personality characteristic - Essay Example It used to be, before modern psychoanalytical studies on personality were done, that leadership and the ability to lead was pretty much a matter of the old adage, â€Å"leaders are born not made.† Great leaders it was assumed possessed certain unique traits. They were natural born leaders with characteristics apart from the common man. The idea stemmed from a socio-analytical perspective that placed those in the upper echelons of society automatically in the category of leaders, awarding them in a similarly automatic and autocratic way leadership roles. Peons, as it were, were peons. They simply did not have the traits necessary to be leaders. Those traits included the ability or willingness to exhibit initiative, the integrity, intelligence, or for that matter, perception to be a true leader of men. (Leadership: Traits and Process Approaches, para. 1) To dispute this, Krames (2004) in his introduction to the U.S. Army Leadership Field Manual, writes, â€Å" The United States Army has created scores of exceptional leaders from every rank and file† (v). As time went on research conducted on more scientific and empirical level cast serious doubt on these most unscientific and biased conclusions. Trait theory as defined is the measurement of traits, which can be defined as habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion. According to this perspective, traits are relatively stable over time. However, it is not only traits that define a person’s ability to be a leader. Some leaders surprise even the experts. Studies do indicate the near necessity for certain leadership traits when it comes to the success or failure of given activities. As might be assumed, individuals with leadership personality and tendencies would exhibit an extroverted personality. Assumptions, however, can be deceiving. We can often find present some interesting and

Wrong Site Surgery Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wrong Site Surgery - Case Study Example Structurally, health care sectors lack definite constructs on safety evaluations in patient treatment and interventions; unfortunately, deficits in evaluative efforts to foresee improvements in health teams’ â€Å"ongoing knowledge, or use of a policy to avert...future adverse event† (Michaels et al., 2007, p. 526). Much as the truth hurts, strong commitment in both government and private health sectors are insufficient in fighting for the rights of public to safe and quality health treatment. Admittedly, variety of health organizations are already aware of discrepancies in surgical errors and are now setting guidelines for marking safeguards against negative health impacts of negligence in professional practice. Among the external agencies concerned on quality clinical practices in all medical areas are Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), the National Patient Safety Initiative, the American College of Surgeons (ACS), the New York State Department of Health (NYS DOH), and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). They are of different organizational team, but are united in setting specific benchmarks that address problems in the surgical environment, especially with rampant errors in wrong-site surgery. In import, clinical monitoring is initiated by JCAHO, series of investigations are conducted on the increasing malpractice complaints and reviewed 150 relevant cases to determine its root causes. Majority (66%) of results are pointed on errors in surgical site (The Joint Commission, 2001). The outcome affirms rising cases of wrong site surgery in clinical institutions. To relieve from government pressures, above-mentioned health organizations generated their own version of clinical practices that address the problems with wrong-side surgery in all institutional categories. Consistently integrated in internal institutional policies, suggested implementation strategies to prevent further surgical damage include â€Å"marking the surgical site and involving the patient in the marking process, creating and using verification checklist...obtaining oral verification of the patient, surgical site, and procedure...by each member of the surgical team, monitoring compliance with these procedures...(and as part of verification) surgical teams consider time-out† (The Joint Commission, 2001, p. 2). Most consider such actions as universal in protocol, and almost every hospital adapt these as protective program measures for safety and quality surgical interventions. In prudent ways, the multiple dynamics in verification process in pre-anesthesia period, and even prior to actually starting the surgical procedure, through the â€Å"time-out† process of pausing to review before initiating an incision on the site, seemed prudent strategies to give the surgical team every opportunities to confirm whether the right site had been indicated and marked by the surgeon-in-charge. Subtly, every action denote a number of communi cation patterns, in verbal, written and demonstrative means, that constantly reminds the health team that what they are surgically embarking is clinically appropriate. In such cases, the series of clinical prompts are not enough, especially when internal culture dictates barriers in communication, as extensively translated in overt behaviors from authoritative surgeons down to circulating nurses. In particular, the case sample on an elderly man indicated for left-side biopsy, which ended up as victim of wrong site sur

Among chronic patients what is the effect of acupunture on the use of Essay

Among chronic patients what is the effect of acupunture on the use of narcotic over 30 days - Essay Example Appropriate tools for conducting the tests and measurement of results should be available. The primary care settings are an important feature in this undertaking (Perry G. F., 2010). Treating chronic pain conditions with long-standing doses or prescriptions of narcotic (e.g., morphine), anti-inflammatory (e.g., ibuprofen), or other anodyne medications may provide a modicum of just a short-term relief. Initial dose titration and for breakthrough pain should limit the role of short-acting opioids. According to pain specialists and physicians, long-acting opiates should be the lynchpin of treatment if narcotics and narcotic treatments are used for persistent pain. The results of studies done raise an important questions when dealing with narcotic prescription; that is, are physicians well trained in treating chronic conditions or how well are they informed about the prescription they are admitting. In implementation of the treatment one take a sample number of patients and prescribe the m with narcotic treatment drugs and non-narcotic drugs to another sample. Having in mind that chronic pain involves more than just transmission of noxious stimuli persistently through the nervous system but also a high culmination of dynamic process and highly elaborate inextricably bound to the sufferer’s cognitive, social, psychological and cultural history; it would be essential to create an experimental sample of tests. Administering the drugs in correct intervals to avoid any error within the collected results, and considering the experiment has a time frame a drug like hydrocodone/acetaminophen (7.5/500) can be admitted to the patient twelve times a week; for severe pains. The experiment will use the nonrandomized controlled clinic trails with an adequate number of patients that will of comparable conditions. Efforts should be put in place to consolidate physical education and management guidelines about chronic pains and narcotic medication so as to incorporate it medi cal education and continuing medical training. Evaluation of effectiveness and facets of chronic nonmalignant pains in a patient should be the first evaluation procedure one should undertake before use of narcotic. Also the physician or pain specialist should have the appropriate care and measure tools to conduct the experiments. Understanding the current use and effects of narcotic drugs for chronic pains is also a prior practice the physician should undertake (Perry G. F., 2010). Before measuring the outcome, there should be an already available and clear medical review for the patients. The components of this review include; duration, location type, patterns and intensity of the pain; factors that intensify or reduce the pain; prior and current psychiatric and medical conditions; impacts of the pain on mood, functioning and sleep; the patients’ expectations of treatment; the previous use and prescription of pain medications; social environment description of the patients; patients’ history including the physical examination of both the patient and family history. After conduction the above measures then the medication is done, and within the specified period of 30days the results are collected and represented with tables and graphs if possible. From this information collected, the following outcomes will be measured; amount of prescription of the drug; also patient behavior after the medication, the

Forces of magnetism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Forces of magnetism - Assignment Example Setback for magnet program occurs when hospitals lack the unison in rendering of these services to all hospitals. Programs for private and public nursing institutions do not operate at different policies. Good communication between the administration and the nurses lacks as there is no consultation in making of decisions. Endorsement of nurse empowerment goals is not successful as a result of high handedness where a nurse was fired for leading a drive for magnetic status. Changes at the hospitals leads to short-staffing and exclusion of nurses from decision making. There are complaints that the program is not monitoring compliance effectively and is used as a tool for promotion. Magnet hospitals lack improved working environment than non-magnetic hospitals (Nather, 2010). Lack of accomplishment of magnetic forces policies in hospitals or organizations will lead to enhancement of hospital policies to care for and support nurses. These policies include: zero tolerance for abuse of measures and practices, addressing nurse exhaustion adequately. Cases of assault and sexual harassment of nurses at hospitals should be pursued. Each institution should have suitable lifting equipment and no lift policies. Patient assignments in admission and discharge ought to count as 2 patients to account for the high death connected with bed turnover. Magnet hospitals ought to have needless IV systems and protected needles for safety in rendering of services (Chotaw,

Among chronic patients what is the effect of acupunture on the use of Essay

Among chronic patients what is the effect of acupunture on the use of narcotic over 30 days - Essay Example Appropriate tools for conducting the tests and measurement of results should be available. The primary care settings are an important feature in this undertaking (Perry G. F., 2010). Treating chronic pain conditions with long-standing doses or prescriptions of narcotic (e.g., morphine), anti-inflammatory (e.g., ibuprofen), or other anodyne medications may provide a modicum of just a short-term relief. Initial dose titration and for breakthrough pain should limit the role of short-acting opioids. According to pain specialists and physicians, long-acting opiates should be the lynchpin of treatment if narcotics and narcotic treatments are used for persistent pain. The results of studies done raise an important questions when dealing with narcotic prescription; that is, are physicians well trained in treating chronic conditions or how well are they informed about the prescription they are admitting. In implementation of the treatment one take a sample number of patients and prescribe the m with narcotic treatment drugs and non-narcotic drugs to another sample. Having in mind that chronic pain involves more than just transmission of noxious stimuli persistently through the nervous system but also a high culmination of dynamic process and highly elaborate inextricably bound to the sufferer’s cognitive, social, psychological and cultural history; it would be essential to create an experimental sample of tests. Administering the drugs in correct intervals to avoid any error within the collected results, and considering the experiment has a time frame a drug like hydrocodone/acetaminophen (7.5/500) can be admitted to the patient twelve times a week; for severe pains. The experiment will use the nonrandomized controlled clinic trails with an adequate number of patients that will of comparable conditions. Efforts should be put in place to consolidate physical education and management guidelines about chronic pains and narcotic medication so as to incorporate it medi cal education and continuing medical training. Evaluation of effectiveness and facets of chronic nonmalignant pains in a patient should be the first evaluation procedure one should undertake before use of narcotic. Also the physician or pain specialist should have the appropriate care and measure tools to conduct the experiments. Understanding the current use and effects of narcotic drugs for chronic pains is also a prior practice the physician should undertake (Perry G. F., 2010). Before measuring the outcome, there should be an already available and clear medical review for the patients. The components of this review include; duration, location type, patterns and intensity of the pain; factors that intensify or reduce the pain; prior and current psychiatric and medical conditions; impacts of the pain on mood, functioning and sleep; the patients’ expectations of treatment; the previous use and prescription of pain medications; social environment description of the patients; patients’ history including the physical examination of both the patient and family history. After conduction the above measures then the medication is done, and within the specified period of 30days the results are collected and represented with tables and graphs if possible. From this information collected, the following outcomes will be measured; amount of prescription of the drug; also patient behavior after the medication, the

Coursework Lesson Plan. Games Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Lesson Plan. Games - Coursework Example Personal Aims: To improve how I give my teaching instructions by incloding a free speeking activity in my lesson. Anticipated problems for students: Little understanding of the type of a game i will chose for the activate stage of my lesson. Solution: Giving detailed instruction on the game and offering my students a rehearsal before the actual event. Anticipated problems for teacher: Having some of the students being afraid of speaking out their ideas and thoughts throughout the lesson. Solution: Starting with the whole class pronunciation of ideas and thought, then to the group work pronunciation of thought before coming to the individual level pronunciation. Procedure Phase Timing Interaction Showing my students some pictures on cartoons that are describing certain activities and then telling my students to come up with ideas of what is happening on those pictures, what had happened before and what is anticipate to happen after. Engage 10 Mins T-S Show the student a magazine extra ct with speech bubbles and description boxes describing the activities on each of the pictures and explain to them the difference between the speech bubbles and description boxes. ... Study 5 Mins T-S Put students into five groups and give each group a series of four pictures and require them to discuss the activities taking place in those pictures within their group and create discription boxes with the information they come up with and then select one of their members to present it to the whole class. Activate 10 Mins S-S Give the student cartoon pictures with description boxes but with no speech bubbles and tell them to give their ideas and thoughts on the communication that is taking place on those pictures. Study 5 Mins T-S Discussing with the students the different ideas and thoughts about the communication they can perceive from the pictures. Study 5 Mins T-S Putting students into five groups using a criteria different from the one previously used to ensure that each group ends up with a different set of individuals. Give this group a set of pictures with unfilled speech bubbles but with description boxes fully filled and require them to discuss among thems elves what to put in the speech bubble and after that they should choose one person to represent their discussion to the whole class Activate 10 Mins S-S Task 9 Additional Issues to Be Considered for a Writing activity Various additional issues should be considered for a writing activity of any kind. One of these issues is the planning and arrangement of thoughts. According to VanderMey et al (2012), this involves selecting a topic to write about, determining and analyzing audience, determining focus and purpose of the writing activity, generation of ideas and organizing thoughts. This issue requires the person doing the writing to apply a lot of creativity and to be very cautious and analytical. If this issue is not handled well, we can end up having a piece of writing that does

Indian Luxury Consumer Essay Example for Free

Indian Luxury Consumer Essay The Indian Luxury Consumer: Rapidly maturing and looking for more Any study of the luxury market needs to conclusively address core questions around the luxury customer Who, What and Where. To fully understand answers to these questions, we interviewed existing and prospective customers across various locations, income and age groups. We also interviewed industry leaders across all luxury categories on the Indian consumer and the changes that they have observed over the last few years. In this section, we shall provide answers to three basic questions: 1. What constitutes luxury in India? 2. Who is the luxury consumer? What has changed in the last 2-3 years? 3. How is the behavior of the luxury consumer changing? 4. What are their specific tastes and preferences? 5. Where do they make their purchase? Luxury in India – more aspirational luxury than ultimate luxury Industry leaders across categories believe that luxury is not only determined by price. Exclusivity is a far more important parameter for a product or service to be called luxury. As such customization, uniqueness, and even understatement is important. Design, use of exquisite materials, presentation and personalized service all contribute to luxury. Consumers also talk about exclusivity, uniqueness and appeal to personal taste. This is not as yet corroborated by increased sales of â€Å"ultimate and subtle† luxury products. The majority of the market is still far away from this definition and brand/logo/badge value drive luxury purchases very clearly. Size, flashiness, clearly visible logos, well known brand are the key considerations in the purchase. That said, traditional attributes such as high quality, heritage, longevity, the â€Å"stories† associated with brands are beginning to emerge as drivers of purchase. Bulk of the Indian market is still dominated by the more accessible and aspirational luxury products. Status – announcing your arrival into the elite segment of the society – is the biggest motivation still. The mindset is still that of an â€Å"aspirer† not that of a â€Å"connoisseur†. The Indian luxury consumer new insights The Indian luxury consumer has been studied a few times now. Various segments have been identiofied by earlier studies. The old money/new money/gold cuffs/.. (Luxury Brands) and Industrialist/Corporate/Professional/ (Economic Times – A. T. Kearney India Luxury Review 2007). The focus of our consumer research was to find out how the consumer has evolved in the last 3-4 years. The accepted wisdom is that industrialists and traditionally wealthy families is the largest segment, senior corporate executives are a smaller but emerging segment and young professionals are entering the market. Our research has shown that by and large the consumer segments that constitute the bulk of the market have not changed significantly, although finer sub-segments are now more apparent: Medium size enterprise owners: This is the largest segment in terms of number these are typically the medium enterprise owners – industrialists and traders who run businesses with revenues upwards of 50 cr. The source of their spending is the surpluses generated by the business. Many of these have grown as the economy grew rapidly in the last twenty years. Their wealth is their passport to the elite segment of the society and conspicuous consumption is their way of announcing it to the society. The children who tend to be second or third generation are the bigger spenders, having been educated abroad and hence familiar with brands and the luxury way of living. They are now educating and enticing their more conservative elder generation into spending. Interviews also reveal that those who generate cash need to necessarily spend it and luxury goods are a good avenue for spending. These are very frequent luxury consumers and consume the entire gamut of products and services and some assets like cars and real estate. These consumers shop around for deals and bargains, including international travel. Traditionally wealthy families / large industrialists: This group comprises two sub-segments – the first is the traditionally wealthy families – who have been consuming luxury for several decades and go for the finer things in life. The largest business houses in the country and historically wealthy Marwari, Gujarati, Parsi, Punjabi families epitomize this class. The other sub segment comprises the promoters of some very large businesses which have come up in the last two decades and have created disproportionate wealth very quickly. Builders, miners, diamond merchants, stock brokers, new age enterprise owners fall in this category. Many of them have migrated to the highest ladder of luxury consumption very quickly by acquiring yachts, jets, houses and really expensive cars. Corporate executives: Senior executives of corporate India who are paid in excess of Rs. 1 crore and bankers who earn big bonuses epitomize this category. These executives are well traveled and are aware of brands. Most of these are in their mid-late forties and represent some of the brightest minds in the country. Many of them though have come from middle class backgrounds and hence have a conservative approach on conspicuous spending. While they can well afford to spend, their propensity to spend is low. A gradual change is being seen as they see more and more of their compatriots spend. These consumers spend on some luxury products such as watches, accessories, select apparel, fine dining, international and domestic travel and high end cars. They also tend to shop on their frequent international trips to get the best deals. Self employed professionals: These comprise of professionals such as lawyers, doctors and architects: A small but niche segment, comprising the top stars in their profession, who have made it big. While many of these come from middle class backgrounds, they use their new found wealth to live a good life. They shop for the entire range of products and services although are found less often at the absolute top end of the ladder. Young professionals: Working in service industries – these earn the least compared to the others, but since they don’t have family responsibilities, the disposable part of the income is high. They are in tune with the latest fashion trends, travel abroad once in a while and believe in spending on what they fancy. They tend to consume entry level products and are infrequent consumers. Other segments: Expatriates: Expatriates in the country are growing and they are staying for longer periods: These are on expatriate packages and are accustomed to luxury consumption in other parts of the world. However most of these fly back very frequently and stack up on their luxury products need on these trips. Luxury services and assets (mostly cars) are influenced in a small way by this segment. The segment is definitely driving the increasing awareness and need for luxury products Politicians and bureaucrats: Interviews reveal that politicians and bureaucrats are a large segment for all luxury products, but have a much more pronounced preference for jewellery, watches, cars and real estate. Contrary to the popular perception that is generated by the flashy lifestyles of film and television actors, they are not large spenders by themselves and collectively it is still not a large segment. Luxury consumption of film and TV stars is paid for by the producers. They alsoi shop abroad a lot. Many celebrities belong to rich business families and owe their luxury consumption to their family wealth or get a lot of luxury products as gifts. Citywise sub-segments: There are sub-segments in each city that drive most of the purchases: * Mumbai stock brokers, diamond merchants/exporters * Delhi – industrialists, traditionally wealthy, politicians, bureaucrats * Chennai – traditionally rich, industrialists * Bangalore – builders, IT top brass * Kolkata – traditionally wealthy Marwari businessmen, traders Age profile. The average consumer is still young – between 30-45. This is in line with the overall demographics and is expected to stay that way for some time. It is thus a young luxury market in contrast with some of the mature markets like Europe and the USA where the average consumer is much older (need some data here). Consumer Behavior We found that while the average Indian luxury customer values High Quality, Exclusivity and Social Appeal as key drivers of luxury purchase, they are also very Price Conscious and often straddled with a â€Å"middle-class mindset†. Corporate Professionals in particular tend to be more price sensitive than the Traditionally Wealthy and Business Owners. This is also due to the fact that the average â€Å"fashion consciousness† of Indian consumers is still quite low – most consumers prefer â€Å"well known† brands and make luxury purchases for â€Å"brand value† and not â€Å"fashion value†. The table below summarises the typical behavior patterns of the consumers in each of the segments | Medium Size Enterprise Owners| Traditionally Wealthy Families Large Industrialists| Corporate Executives| Self Employed Professionals| Young Professionals| Average Age| | | | | |. Awareness| Low| High| High| Medium| High| Fashion consciousness ( apparel and accessories)| Low| High| Low| Low| High| Price Consciousness| High| Low| High| Very High| Very High| Badge Consciousness| High| Medium-Low| High| High| Very High| Propensity to buy overseas| High| High| High| High| High| Greater awareness rapidly increasing and the entry of brands, development of malls and magazines has helped. Compared to three-four years ago, the number of people who can correctly pronounce Chanel and Gucci correctly has increased dramatically, although there is still a long way to go. What is interesting to note is that the Indian luxury customer is maturing rapidly and brand awareness has increased significantly over the past 3-5 years. Brands are beginning to see loyal customers who have their preferred set of brands. Among brands, the pedigree of a brand is very important. There is a heritage value with luxury brands – customer typically put more value on brands that have been around for many years. When it came to Indian brands, there is clearly a mixed perception. While most customers were willing to purchase luxury services from Indian players, the luxury products market still has a long way to go. Specifically in services, Indian service quality is considered to be at par with the best in the world. Within products, the categories that customer preferred have a high class value attached to it. Hence very select categories like jewellery and Indian designer apparel products are considered ‘luxury’. Fashion consciousness – changing very fast, dressing for a look increasing in the metros – still a long way to go – in the words of one of the luxury fashion CEOs Indians are â€Å"sartorially challenged†. The younger members of the rich families and the young professionals are leading are leading the pack. Badge consciousness – continuing, no doubt. A logo is probably the most important thing about a product. It is easier to sell a pair of sunglasses or a polo shirt where the logo is clearly visible than a shirt where it is not so obvious. Price consciousness – here to stay. The entire industry acknowledges this and both the principals and the Indian parties strive hard to match prices to make it price neutral for the Indian consumer who would not mind taking a flight to Singapore or Dubai or ask someone to get it, if the difference is more than 3-5%. The economics is simple – its costs 15-20,000 for a return trip (economy of course! ) to Dubai or Singapore. On a product costing upwards of Rs. 200,000, this is less than 10% of the product price. That puts a limit on the amount of premium that anyone will be willing to pay for products that can be easily purchased overseas and carried back. The grey market will willingly carry products for a fraction of the cost of a return trip. The only exception is cars – where it is not possible to bring it in – either legitimately or smuggled. Propensity to buy overseas – reducing but still very significant. One interesting observation is that Indian luxury customers are not averse to buying from India, just that they feel there are better avenues abroad. One of the key challenges is to provide luxury shopping destinations that offer a variety of brands under one roof. While most of them purchased from boutiques in New York or Malls in Dubai, in India there are not many avenues for luxury purchase. While most consumers also make luxury purchases in India, shopping abroad is still by far the preferred option. Consumers have certain perceptions about luxury shopping in India, that have held them back making large scale and frequent purchases in the local market. Interviews with industry leaders reveals that the consumer wants the same package here – merchandise (range, freshness), convenience (location), price and experience (ambience, service) – with an extra expectation of service, given that this is India, where labor is cheap. The development of the Indian duty free has meant that Indians have an option of buying duty free products in India when they arrive rather than carting it all the way from popular shopping destinations overseas. Consumers still believe that the widest, most recent range is not available here and that prices are more expensive here, though at least two of these clearly are myths that need to be broken. In fashion, collections are designed for the whole world once, no one creates separate collections for India and old collections are not available. Width of range is a trade-off that has to be made depending on the depth of the market, so that is a possibility. Converting the overseas market is a big challenge for retailers. Propensity to buy from the grey market – by all accounts, this is reducing in established brands. Concerted efforts by players to bring in the latest merchandise, efforts by brands to supply products at lower prices to India and Indian retailers willing to work on thin margins has meant that the consumer now gets a good bargain. New brands which consumers want and are not available find their way through this channel. Driver of Luxury consumption: Number of HNIs, HNI Wealth or Household Income? It is generally accepted that luxury market size is positively correlated to household income (GDP/capita), the number of high networth individuals and/or their wealth. Discussions on luxury are never complete without a reference to these parameters. A correlation between the size of the luxury market, the GDP/capita, number of HNIs and HNI wealth over the years 2004-2009 shows that in terms of importance the number of high networth individuals is the most important driver, followed closely by GDP/capita and HNI wealth. Interviews with leading luxury brands in India points to the fact that family wealth is a very strong determinant of spending than household income. Consumer interviews with traditionally wealthy families indicates a very interesting pattern – they are habitual consumers of luxury and less price conscious. Some of the segments mentioned above would fall in the HNI category. However luxury consumption in India is not limited to only the HNIs. The masstige phenomenon can be observed very clearly in India. Luxury products in India are appealing to, and purchased by, middle-class consumers that do not fit the typical profile of an elite consumer segment. For these shoppers, luxury represents status and prestige, a place in society that they fit into as a result of their purchase of high-end products. This phenomenon is observed even in the large mature markets such as UK, where a large number of individual consumers buy very small volumes. Luxury goods companies develop products that re-enforce the â€Å"masstige† and drive volumes. As such it is very important to look at the other indicator of the market – the GDP/capita. In India given the fact that wealth is being created due to the rapid growth, growing household incomes are converting the middle class into emerging luxury consumers. As such there is a large segment (below the 1 cr income category) where while the wealth might be low, it is the incomes that are driving the consumption. Measured in PPP terms, 25 -100 lakhs in India is equal to $ XX-YY,000 of income in the US or EUR AA-BB,000 in Europe, which is definitely a luxury consumer. The above two factors combine to make the consumer spectrum in India very broad. Our research shows that sporadic/ infrequent luxury consumption for products and services begins when annual household income goes upwards of Rs. 20 lakhs, becomes frequent when annual household income crosses the Rs. 1 crore mark and becomes habitual when the wealth crosses the HNI milestone ($1 mn in liquid assets). For luxury assets, the markers are understandably much higher and even within assets, the ladder become quite steep as one goes higher. For example, consumer for private jets would be the top 200-400 richest families in the country – the billionaires, super rich families (the HNIs) – anywhere around 200-400 families – such as the private jets, yachts and the largest houses – earning anywhere upwards of 50 cr per annum or with family wealth in excess of 100 cr. The spectrum thus begins at rupee millionaires and goes all the way to real billionaires. While the small traditionally super wealthy families who know what absolute or real exclusive luxury means, and can be called connoisseurs, bulk of the incremental wealth generation in India has been the the handiwork of new age businessmen/industrialists who were not so wealthy a couple of generations ago. As the â€Å"new money† matures, one can expect that the tastes and preferences will also evolve. | | Rupee Millionaires| Near Millionaires| Real Millionaires| Category| Household Income| 10-25 lakhs| 25 lakhs – 1 cr| 1-5 cr| 5 cr+| | Networth/Wealth| | | | |. Estimated number of households| 2,373,000| 1,292,000| 141,000| Typical Occupations| Service Industry professionals| Corporate Executives, Self Employed Professionals| Medium Enterprise OwnersTraditionally wealthyCompany CEOs, top bankers| Large IndustrialistsTraditionally wealthy| Luxury products| Low ticket value items such as leather accessories ties, cuff-links,Wines and spirits, personal care| Watches, some apparel, accessories| All| All| Luxury Services| Spas, Infrequent fine dining| Travel, frequent fine dining, hotels, spas| All| Luxury Assets| | | Cars, YachtsReal estate, Paintings| Private jets|. Geographical distribution of consumers Luxury consumption in the country has so far been concentrated in Delhi and Mumbai with Bangalore being a distant third. Brands have been thinking of expanding their footprint beyond these cities and have been wondering about where their next store should be opened. We now believe that the distribution of the rupee millionaires is a good indicator of the luxury consumer distribution in the country. We also believe that for luxury consumption to take off a minimum critical mass is needed in a city. While Delhi and Mumbai continue to be the mainstay markets for luxury consumption, there are several other cities with a large base of potential luxury consumers. A look at the figure below suggests that while Mumbai, Delhi and Bangalore are the top three cities, other cities also have significant potential for luxury consumption. Show a chart between the number of families (X-axis) and the growth 2006-2009 (Y-axis) and number of such households as the bubble size. Use the data below. Year| 2006-07| 2009-10| | Income Category| Annual income Rs. 10,00,000/-| CAGR| Top 20 Cities ranked on the basis of Annual Market Size| Number of Households| Number of Households| | Delhi| 132,258 | 348,000| 38%| Mumbai| 98,164 | 347,000| 52%| Bangalore| 101,550 | 126,000| 7%| Thane| 69,658 | 137,000| 25%| Pune| 57,130 | 106,000| 23%| Chennai| 28,025 | 109,000| 57%| Ahmadabad| 45,224 | 91,000| 26%| Hyderabad| 26,670 | 69,000| 37%| Surat| 34,457 | 60,000| 20%| Coimbatore| 18,076 | 37,000| 27%| Salt Lake (Urban Areas in North 24 Parganas district)| 14,373 | 65,000| 65%| Kolkata| 15,790 | 94,000| 81%| Thiruvallur| 17,837 | 22,000| 7%| Lucknow| 20,654 | 29,000| 12%|. Jaipur| 27,011 | 21,000| -8%| Vadodara| 22,911 | 53,000| 32%| Nagpur| 23,637 | 46,000| 25%| Kancheepuram| 13,920 | 24,000| 20%| | 767,345 | 1,784,000 | 32%| Source: Indicus Analytics| | | | Extrapolating the growth rates seen in these cities, over the next 3 years implies that several new cities will become potential centres of luxury consumption. Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Pune, Vadodara are high potential destinations to watch out for. A quick comparison with China shows that there are atleast 20 cities/towns where luxury brands are present. Comparison between luxury stores in India and China. | LV| Burberry| Chanel| Hugo Boss| Beijing| 3| 2| 2| 9| Shanghai| 3| 2| 5| 5| Other Tier I| 6| 6| 0| 8| Tier II| 12| 10| 1| 22| Others| 11| 13| 0| 43| | LV| Burberry| Chanel| Hugo Boss| Mumbai| 2| 1| -| 1| Delhi| 2| 1| 1| 1| Bangalore| 1| 1| -| 1| Others| -| 1| -| -| We believe in the next 5-7 years, atleast 5-7 new towns will get added on the luxury map of India. We also believe that the potential in Delhi and Mumbai has not been fully exploited and that there exist a few more micro markets within these cities that need to be tapped. Pockets of wealth and good infrastructure could be the next big destinations. In Mumbai, South Mumbai, Central Mumbai, Bandra/Juhu, Powai and Thane are micro markets which are far enough from each other, have concentration of wealthy families and decent infrastructure. In Delhi, similar micro markets could be South Delhi, Gurgaon, Saket, †¦.. In summary, while the Indian luxury market is evolving, so is the luxury customer. Understanding the nuances of the customer is extremely critical to succeed in this dynamic industry.

Conflict in the play A Rising in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry Essay

Conflict in the play A Rising in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry In "A Rising in the Sun" (Lorraine Hansberry) we find three main conflicts within the play. These conflicts are interrelated and emerge mainly from one primer issue – Racism. In this essay, I will highlight these three conflicts and explain their connection. First, I will explain the conflict of family. Second, I will explain the conflict of money. Third, I will explain the conflict of racism and how the first two could be seen as a "by-product" of it. Lena (Mama) recalls her late husband words. Family was the most important thing for Lena and him. However, there are conflicts around this issue which could be seen through three generations. First, present generation Vs past. For example, Walter Lee blames his failure in life partly on his mother's "lack of support". The conflict appears since the only person who could be blamed for the situation is Walter Lee himself. Second, present generation Vs present. For example, Beneatha and Walter Lee fight over the check and its utilization. The conflict appea... Conflict in the play A Rising in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry Essay Conflict in the play A Rising in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry In "A Rising in the Sun" (Lorraine Hansberry) we find three main conflicts within the play. These conflicts are interrelated and emerge mainly from one primer issue – Racism. In this essay, I will highlight these three conflicts and explain their connection. First, I will explain the conflict of family. Second, I will explain the conflict of money. Third, I will explain the conflict of racism and how the first two could be seen as a "by-product" of it. Lena (Mama) recalls her late husband words. Family was the most important thing for Lena and him. However, there are conflicts around this issue which could be seen through three generations. First, present generation Vs past. For example, Walter Lee blames his failure in life partly on his mother's "lack of support". The conflict appears since the only person who could be blamed for the situation is Walter Lee himself. Second, present generation Vs present. For example, Beneatha and Walter Lee fight over the check and its utilization. The conflict appea...

Half My Type Regents notes :: essays research papers

The Five Themes of Geography Geography: The study of people, their environments, their resources and the interactions among them The Five Themes of Geography are: 1. Location 2. Place 3. Human Environment Interaction 4. Movement of People Goods and Ideas 5. Region 1. Location: Where something is located on the Earth’s Surface Relative – Location of Something in relation to something else (Ex: A house in relation to the street address) Absolute – An exact location of something on the earth’s surface using the lines of latitude and longitude. Longitude – The angular distance east or west of the prime meridian that stretches from the North Pole to the South Pole. Latitude – An Imaginary line joining points on the earth’s surface that are all equal distance north or south of the equator. It measures 0o on the equator and are parallel lines. 2. Place: Is and area defined by its physical and/or human characteristics. A) Physical Features – Things that would be in an area if humans never exited (Ex: Wildlife, Forest, Volcanoes, Mountains, Rivers, Oceans, Hills, Valleys, etc.) B) Human Features – Thins humans build, create, or influence. (Ex: Buildings, Crops, Cars, Roads, Cloths, Schools, Dams, Languages, Political Systems, Economic Systems, etc) 3. Human Environment Interaction: Two things can happen when humans interact with environment. A) People Change The Environment – Need to make easier lifestyle. (Ex: Roads, Buildings, Airports, Tunnels, Bridges, etc †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hidden Cost are Created – Damage to the environment. (Ex: Deforestation, Extinction, Overpopulation, Erosion, etc)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People Adapt to The New Environment – This includes Genetic Change   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Eskimo’s body adapts to Alaska harsh cold by growing an extra layer of fat, they use sleds for transportation, live in igloos that are created using ice, and wear heavy cloth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  African Tribesman use little to no clothing, no body fat due to the heat because body fat weighs you down, and they are fast and agile to get away from danger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chinese stir-fry cooking was developed because minimal fuel is needed. This was created to use the limited amount of fuel they had. 4. Movement of People, Goods, and Ideas   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Migration – People move for different reasons, an example would be: Refugees (war), Economy, Climate, Food, Shelter, Religion, Persecution, Political Problems, and so on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Immigration – People move into a country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Emigration – People move out of a country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Goods †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Trade – Products that can be bought or sold. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Import – Goods brought into a country. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Export – Goods that leave a country. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Interdependence – Reliance on other nations to provide goods which can’t be produced in their own country.

Economics Internal Assessment

Alison Nathanson Chapter 17 Internal Assessment http://www. nytimes. com/2010/04/05/business/media/05screen. html? scp=10&sq=movies&st=Search Branding Comes Early in Filmmaking Process By STEPHANIE CLIFFORD 717 words Monopolistic Competition is a market structure in which many firms sell products that are similar but not identical. It is a mixture between monopoly, which is a firm that is the sole seller of a product without close substitutes, and perfect competition, which is a market with many buyers and sellers trading identical products so that each buyer and seller is a price taker.The movie industry is monopolistically competitive as there are many firms competing for the same group of customers, there is product differentiation, and free entry and exit. Anyone can make a movie, yet it is the differentiations of each that allow for moviegoers to decide which ones they want to see, and therefore which ones will gross the most money. In the long run, monopolistically competitive firms have zero profit equilibrium. [pic]If one movie is making a lot of money, more movies are put into theatres to try and even out competition, or if one company is producing a lot of movies, writers sell to other companies (new firms enter) and the demand curve shifts to the left. If no one is watching the movies, firms loose money and the demand curve shifts to the right. Due to these shifts, zero profit equilibrium occurs, as shown above, where price equals average total cost. In movies today, and always, companies have made deals with movies in rder to be included in a film. This is all part of marketing, as for example; companies think that if Brad Pitt is eating a Twix in a movie, the movie watchers are more likely to buy a Twix after the movie than to buy Snickers. The author stated that â€Å"Now, having Campbell’s Soup or Chrysler associated with your project can be nearly as important to your pitch as signing Tom Cruise. † Having these name brands with you r movie also comes with a lot of added benefits.The writer and director of the film â€Å"Up in the Air† got the hotel mogul Hilton to sponsor his film for exchange of putting Hilton hotels in the movie. Thus, the movie got the added benefits from Hilton, such as the crew getting free lodging. In order to maximize profit, marginal revenue must equal marginal cost. If you look above, you can see that at this point on the graph (MR=MC) price exceeds marginal cost. This is because price equals average total cost, and the downward sloping demand curve makes it so that at the profit-maximizing quantity of MR=MC, price (atc) is greater than marginal cost.For example, the marginal cost to the company of lodging for the crew is taken care of through Hilton, yet there are other expenses that the company must purchase as well so that the average total cost is equal to the price and zero profit equilibrium occurs. â€Å"The cost of movies is going up, and that really drives almost ever ything,† said Jack Epps. In monopolistic competition, the long run always has zero profit equilibrium. So, if one firm kept the price of movies low, then their price would be below average total cost and they would have losses.In order to have a profit, price must be above average total cost, yet in monopolistically competitive firms price equals average total cost so this is not possible in the long run. Unlike monopolies, monopolistically competitive firms do not have the ability to price discriminate, which is the business practice of selling the same good at different prices to different customers. They must charge the same price per movie to everyone. Therefore, they all need to produce where MR=MC in order to profit maximize, which actually creates zero profit equilibrium.The author stated that â€Å"If you want to catch an executive’s attention right now, it’s not just selling the script, but you’re showing them how to create a brand. † Movie producers want to have a name for them, so that they will have an advantage over the many other firms out there. Due to the large number of sellers, and free entry and exit, firms that are monopolistically competitive will do anything it takes to differentiate themselves to their competition†¦ let’s just hope the differentiation produces some good film!

Parents Should Use Physical Force to Discipline Children Essay

Introduction                     Discipline is a set instructions laid down for correction and training. It can be in form of punishment, physical activity, exercise or training aimed at changing and/or improving the behavior of the person being corrected. Discipline has always been seen as forceful correction, thus bringing negativity in its perception (Foucault, 1977). Generally, for any parent, a child should grow in a manner that pleases the parent and the community. The use of force has always been associated with the phrase â€Å"to discipline†. Physical force when used by a parent in disciplining a child, may leave a mark on the body of the child that will always serve as a reminder to the child whenever the child goes wrong. But it’s the way to child abuse. Schwan (2011) states the mark will serve as reminder thus bring self-control in any child whom is a victim, thus the willpower that will drive the child what is right. With self-control, comes motivation that is the steering to propel a victim. Physically inflicting pain brings training and control. Training is a routine as well as control therefore calling the parent to come out strongly and be ready to bring back the child to the desired direction any time the child goes wrong. Force can be quick and effective because not all children react to other forms that parent use to discipline them, this is true for children with hearing impairment as a disability, under this situation parents are left with no option but to use force to make the child grow in accordance to the ways that pleases not only the parents but the society to which the child belong. References Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2011).  Human aggression and violence: Causes, manifestations, and consequences. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Fairchild, J. H. (1892).  Moral science: Or, The philosophy of obligation. New York: Sheldon & Co. Crosser, S. (2005).  What do we know about early childhood education?: Research based practice. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning. Films on Demand., & Films Media Group. (2010).  Breaking the Cycle of Abuse. Lawrenceville, NJ: Films Media Group. Source document

New Jersey v TLO Essay

New Jersey v. T. L. O. , (1985) is the case that impacted me the most. It is a decision by the US Supreme Court regarding the constitutionality of a search of a public high school student after she was caught smoking. A search of her purse revealed drug paraphernalia, marijuana, and documentation of drug sales. She was charged as a juvenile for the drugs and paraphernalia found in the search. She went against the search, claiming it violated her 4th Amendment right against unreasonable searches. The U. S. Supreme Court, in a 6-3 ruling, said that the search was reasonable under the Fourth Amendment. This case established limitations on our 4th amendment right under school property. The majority opinion should be right one because in order to maintain every single student safe on school grounds, school officials need to be able to search anything on the school property without a warrant. In fact this case established â€Å"probable cause† which is when something is a â€Å"maybe† or â€Å"might be† and it is not necessarily written as a document. This is very different from real life because a police officer can only search where and when the warrant says to and only if he has one and any evidence found through an illegal search cannot be used. Since then, everything has change the way of doing things around school and people are now safer because less people start bringing this kind of inappropriate or illegal material especially if they know that someone might search their locker or backpack and get them in a lot of trouble. Another reason is that it happened in a school environment not too long ago and it gives some students something to reflect on as if they had to worry about their school safety. At last, this case had a huge impact on all students that go to school currently.

Chinas One Child Policy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Chinas One Child Policy - Research Paper Example   Additionally, China's compulsory one-child population law was implemented in 1980. The same law punishes parents for having more than one child. The scientists from the Ministry of Aeronautics and Astronautics Department initially proposed the China's 1980 compulsory one-child population policy. The scientists capitalized on their missile construction concepts to prove their claim that China's compulsory one-child population policy will greatly benefit the residents. The family having less than two children have fewer rearing responsibilities. The parents have fewer growing up expenses to make in terms of the children’s educational needs. Scientific experiments are based on limited evidences. The scientists base their findings on the gathered evidences during the research. The Song Jian group of scientist incorporated their missile technology expertise to come up with China's compulsory one-child population policy. The Deng Xiaoping China government leaders were convinced by the scientific research findings of Song Jian’s group.China's compulsory one-child population policy was crafted based on some missile scientists’ many years of population-based findings. The findings were based on their 1960s and 1970s researches. The current China government under President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao prioritizes human rights and the value of people in enhancing the currently favorable China economy Human rights includes the right to have a second child (Chen 403).   The current China government encourages the grassroots level people to vigorously contribute to the nation’s current favorable global economic environment. The policy change was expected. The government leaders during the 1950s, 1960s were most soldiers. During Deng Xiaping’s 1980s, Chairman Deng Xiaoping persuaded China’s engineers to help in the political management of China’s growing population. Starting in 1990, the government leaders were compos ed of economics and public administration graduates. The graduates were managing China’s control of the normal Chinese citizen’s lives (Chen 403).China’s one child policy created a gender imbalance in China (Li, Hongbin, Zhang, Junsen, Yi, Junjian 1535). The one-child China population policy generated a population situation where there were 104 boys more for every 100 girls during the 1980s. The research further indicated that there were 107 boys for every 100 girls during the 1991 to 2005 era. The primary data came from China’s official statistics-based department, the China Health and Nutrition Survey. China Chairman Deng Xiaoping’s new one child policy focused on reducing the population in order because of the scarce food and other natural resources (Wong 1161). During Deng’s 1980 leadership, several China quarters opposed the one-child policy starting in 1980. The policy drastically curved the uncontrollably ballooning Chinese population . Abortions, effects of China's compulsory one-child Population Policy China's compulsory one-child population policy was implemented through forced abortions (Mosher 1558). The pregnant women were forced to abort their prohibited unborn children. The government forced the helpless women to abort their child during different stages of the mother’s pregnancy. Many women had no other recourse but to comply with the